A laparoscopy is an examination of the abdomen using a camera or endoscope. Laparoscopic surgery is called by various names such as Endoscopic surgery, closed surgery, bloodless surgery, and through-hole surgery which are used in both medical and colloquial terms. After the patient is anaesthetized, carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a special needle to inflate the abdominal cavity.

The most important feature of this gas is that it is absorbed and eliminated from the body very quickly. Next, special instruments called ‘trocars’, 5-15 mm in diameter, are attached to the anterior abdominal wall at several points. Using a special telescope inserted in one of these trocars, the intra-abdominal organs are projected onto a screen. And with the help of specially designed surgical hand tools, the surgery is performed without large incisions.

Today, in the existence of the required technical equipment and surgical team with sufficient experience, laparoscopic surgery is preferable to traditional open surgeries which require large incisions. Some of the laparoscopic procedures are considered the gold standard worldwide. The effectiveness of laparoscopy in cancer surgery has been recognized by the scientific community.

The disadvantages of this method are: relatively longer operation duration requires an experienced operation team and relatively higher operation cost.